Discovering America means immersing yourself in incredibly diverse landscapes and cultures. However, before you take off, it’s essential to take a few medical precautions. In this article, we take a look at the vaccinations you need, the diseases you should be aware of and the best practices to adopt when it comes to tap water. If you’re well prepared, you’ll be able to make the most of your stay, whatever country you visit.
Pre-departure vaccinations
Update your universal vaccination record
Before traveling abroad, make sure your universal vaccination record is up to date. Commonly recommended vaccines include :
- Polio
- Tetanus
- BCG
- Diphtheria
- MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
- Whooping cough
Yellow fever: a mandatory vaccine in some countries
If your destination is in South or Central America, yellow fever vaccination is sometimes required, even for a stopover. Countries concerned include: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Guatemala, French Guiana, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru.
So be sure to check the requirements of each state before you leave, as regulations may change. We also advise you to seek advice from a specialized vaccination center. They can advise you on any contraindications and booster shots you may need to take.
In addition to these vaccinations, don’t forget to take out international health insurance before you leave. In the event of a medical problem or hospitalization, you’ll be covered and will be able to benefit from appropriate care without taking a heavy toll on your budget.
Diseases at risk in America
The 5 most common diseases in South America
Some diseases are more common in South America, but can also be found in other parts of the continent:
- HIV: Present in many countries, it is particularly endemic in certain large South American cities, such as São Paulo (Brazil). It’s important to protect yourself.
- Meningococcal meningitis: More widespread in Brazil, it requires extra vigilance, especially if you’re staying in densely populated urban areas.
- Rabies: Mostly found in very rural areas, especially in South America. Avoid all contact with stray animals, and consider rabies vaccination if you’re going away for a long time.
- Dengue fever: spread by mosquitoes, it particularly affects Brazil and Peru. Symptoms resemble the flu, and can sometimes get worse.
- Malaria: Less frequent than in sub-Saharan Africa, it can nevertheless be found in certain regions of the United States (swampy areas of the South) and in various South American countries.
Protecting yourself against mosquito bites
Many of these diseases (dengue fever, malaria) are transmitted by mosquito bites. To limit the risks, adopt the following reflexes:
- Wear loose-fitting clothing, especially in the evening and in damp areas.
- Use suitable repellent sprays applied to the skin and/or clothing.
- Sleep under an impregnated mosquito net, especially in areas where mosquitoes proliferate.
If you notice any unusual symptoms (fever, muscle aches, headaches) during or after your trip, consult a doctor as soon as possible. Your international health insurance policy can help you cover the cost of any necessary tests and treatment.
Tap water: is it safe to drink?
North America: globally potable water
United States and Canada: In most cases, tap water is considered safe. However, if you’re traveling in isolated rural areas, be sure to check the quality of the water before consuming it.
Mexico: The situation is more variable. As a precaution, opt for bottled water to avoid contamination.
Central and South America: essential precautions
In most Latin American countries, tap water is not always safe to drink. Even in cities where it is treated, the distribution network can be faulty. It is therefore strongly recommended to consume :
- Bottled water from supermarkets or grocery stores.
- Boiled or purified water (using special tablets or filters) if you have no other option.
The risks of food poisoning and water-borne diseases remain high, especially if you’re traveling on a road-trip or multiplying destinations in a short space of time. As with any tropical or subtropical destination, be sure not to eat ice cream or fruit washed down with tap water when you’re not sure of the water quality.
